Protecting Water Quality, Marine Habitats and Our Way of Life

We are a citizen-led advocacy group opposing the proposed expansion of the fish farm in the Port Wade area of the Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia.

About Us

Annapolis Basin Protectors is a citizen-led advocacy group committed to protecting the health and vitality of our waters. We are local residents, fishers, and community members who believe that the Annapolis Basin deserves protection from industrial open-net fin fish farms.

We are concerned that the proposed expansion of Kelly Cove Salmon's operations could increase risks to the ecological balance of our basin, our endangered wild salmon populations, and the coastal way of life that has sustained our communities for generations.

We stand for science-based decision making, community voice, and the preservation of our marine environment for future generations.

Why Annapolis Basin Matters

The Annapolis Basin is a semi-enclosed tidal basin connected to the Bay of Fundy, bounded by Digby Neck and the North Mountain. It's home to some of the world's highest tides and supports rich marine ecosystems that have sustained coastal communities for generations.

Critical Salmon Habitat

The Basin is part of the migration area for endangered Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon. Wild salmon must pass through the Basin to reach their spawning rivers - the Bear River and the Annapolis River. [Source: Government of Canada] This makes the Basin a gauntlet: salmon swimming to spawn must run past fish farm sites, exposing them to sea lice and other threats during their most vulnerable migration stage. In December 2021, Kelly Cove Salmon acknowledged elevated sea lice levels at both Rattling Beach and Victoria Beach fish farms in the Annapolis Basin. [Source: Halifax Examiner]

Escaped farmed salmon pose a severe genetic threat: When farmed salmon escape and breed with wild salmon, they introduce genetic changes that reduce fitness and survival of wild populations. Studies across 105 wild Atlantic salmon populations show that genetic introgression from farmed salmon alters critical life history traits and decreases population viability. [Source: Science Advances] Hybrid offspring show 49-70% lower survival rates than wild salmon, [Source: NCBI] and the altered traits passed down from farmed ancestors contribute to maladaptation in wild populations. [Source: Nature Ecology & Evolution] For already endangered Inner Bay of Fundy salmon, this genetic contamination threatens the unique characteristics that evolved over thousands of years.

Generational Fishing Communities

The Annapolis Basin supports small fishing communities that have depended on these waters for generations. In Nova Scotia, fishing is a way of life passed down through families. As one Mi'kmaq fisher put it, "To be a fisherman you can't just go to school, get your Class 4, get your MED training, get your radio operators course, jump on a boat and go. That doesn't make you a fisher. You'll starve to death." The knowledge comes from generations - learning the waters, the seasons, the habits of lobster and scallop, reading weather and tides. Communities along Digby Neck, the Islands, and the Annapolis County shore are almost completely dependent on marine resources for their livelihoods. The Basin supports lobster, scallop, clam, and groundfish fisheries. This is Mi'kma'ki - traditional Mi'kmaq territory - where fishing has been both culturally and economically central for thousands of years before European contact and remains so today.

Why It's Vulnerable

Because the Basin is semi-enclosed with limited water exchange, waste and contaminants may be less likely to disperse quickly compared with more open coastal environments. [Source: Wikipedia] This makes it particularly vulnerable to industrial fish farming operations - and puts the fisheries that depend on it at risk.

There are multiple salmon farm sites operating in the Annapolis Basin. Each site can hold hundreds of thousands of fish - AQ#1041 alone is proposed for 300,000 fish with maximum biomass of 1.56 million kilograms. Concentrating large numbers of farmed fish in a semi-enclosed body of water raises serious cumulative-impact concerns: waste from multiple sites can accumulate on the seafloor where lobster and clams live, sea lice populations can increase as they move between cages and into wild salmon migration routes, and pesticide treatments from one site may affect the broader ecosystem including lobster larvae.

The Basin is actively fished by lobster fishers and clam harvesters whose livelihoods depend on clean water and healthy seafloor habitat. Fish farm waste can accumulate on the seafloor and may affect benthic habitat, including areas important to shellfish and lobster fisheries. Nova Scotia's lobster fishery alone is worth over $1 billion annually - more than three times the entire provincial aquaculture industry. [Source: CBC News] In an open ocean environment, some pollution might disperse more readily. But in the Annapolis Basin's semi-enclosed environment, residents and fishers are concerned that waste, chemicals, and parasites may place additional pressure on wild salmon migration routes and traditional fishing grounds in an ecosystem where an industry shifts environmental risks onto the public waters we all share.

Take Action

Your voice matters. Here's how you can help protect the Annapolis Basin:

📢 Stay Updated on Current Action Items

For the latest deadlines, meeting notices, and urgent action items, join our Facebook group where we post real-time updates.

Join Our Facebook Group

🗳️ Become a Voting Member

Join Annapolis Basin Protectors as a voting member. Pay-what-you-can membership ($20 suggested, $10 students/seniors) gives you voting rights at our Annual General Meeting and Special Meetings.

Learn About Membership
Monitoring

Licence Renewal Applications - Awaiting Decision

The public comment period closed May 8, 2026. We are now waiting for the Aquaculture Administrator's decision on whether to approve, deny, or approve with conditions the following licence renewal applications:

REF#584 - AQ#1040 Licence Renewal

Site: Victoria Beach area (8.21 hectares)
Comment Period: Closed May 8, 2026
Status: Awaiting administrator decision
View Application

REF#595 - AQ#1041 Licence Renewal

Site: Annapolis site, north of Bear Island
Note: Site held since 2006 but never farmed due to extreme currents. Proposed: 300,000 fish, 1.56 million kg biomass
Status: Awaiting administrator decision
View Application

For updates on these applications:

Check our Facebook group for the latest news.

Contact Your Representatives

Reach out to your MLA and MP to express your concerns about open-net fin fish farming in the Annapolis Basin.

Find Contact Info

The Issue: Open-Net Fin Fish Farming

Open-net fin fish farms pose serious threats to the Annapolis Basin ecosystem and our communities.

🐟

Threat to Wild Salmon

The Annapolis Basin is home to endangered wild Atlantic salmon populations. Sea lice outbreaks from salmon farms pose a serious threat to these already vulnerable fish. Wild salmon must swim past farm sites to reach their spawning rivers, exposing them to parasites that can be lethal to juvenile fish. [Source: Halifax Examiner] The Canadian Wildlife Federation documents how disease and parasites spread from open-pen operations to wild populations, affecting already vulnerable species. [Source: Canadian Wildlife Federation]

💧

Water Quality Degradation

A medium-sized salmon farm producing 3,000 tons generates the same amount of sewage as a city of 50,000 people, released directly into our waters with no treatment. [Source: North Atlantic Salmon Fund] This waste includes fish feces, uneaten feed, and chemicals that accumulate on the seafloor and alter water chemistry. [Source: Living Oceans]

🦞

Impact on Local Fisheries

Pollution from salmon farms affects traditional fishing grounds. Waste deposits can smother clam beaches and lobster habitat. [Source: Living Oceans]

Pesticides kill lobster larvae: Sea lice treatments used on salmon farms are acutely toxic to lobster larvae at concentrations below recommended treatment levels. [Source: Science Direct] Studies show Salmosan can be hazardous to lobsters hundreds of meters from farms, while Alphamax can kill lobsters up to 10 km away. [Source: CBC] In 2013, Kelly Cove Salmon paid $500,000 for killing hundreds of lobsters in the Bay of Fundy with illegal pesticide use. [Source: Living Oceans]

🌊

Ecosystem Damage

Excess nutrients from fish waste lead to harmful algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and changes to the seafloor ecosystem. [Source: Global Seafoods] Studies show that mercury levels increase in wild fish near salmon farms, and benthic communities are severely degraded beneath and around farm sites. [Source: Wildfish]

⚖️

Lease Boundary Issues

Ecojustice has documented that Kelly Cove Salmon's operations at Rattling Beach extended outside approved lease boundaries, an issue that formed part of the Aquaculture Review Board hearing record. [Source: Ecojustice] The company's Victoria Beach site applied for a boundary amendment in October 2016. These boundary concerns raise questions about enforcement transparency and regulatory oversight.

🏘️

Community Impact

Open-net fin fish farming operations affect the quality of life for coastal communities. The industry externalizes environmental costs to the public while privatizing profits. [Source: Our Sound Our Salmon] Our waters and marine resources belong to all of us, not just industrial aquaculture companies.

Incomplete carbon footprint accounting: The industry frequently claims farmed salmon is the "lowest-carbon farmed protein," relying on industry-funded studies from companies like Skretting (a feed manufacturer) and Marine Harvest that calculated salmon emissions at 2.2-2.9 kg CO₂e per kg. These studies often excluded nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fish waste - a potent greenhouse gas produced by microbial decomposition of fecal matter in aquatic environments. When peer-reviewed independent research properly accounts for N₂O emissions, the results differ. A 2023 study published in Current Biology found that N₂O from fish waste represents a significant portion of on-farm greenhouse gas emissions for salmon, resulting in salmon having a higher carbon footprint than chicken. [Source: Current Biology] A 2025 meta-analysis in Reviews in Aquaculture found that farmed salmon produces 2.15 tonnes CO₂e per tonne compared to 1.4 tonnes for poultry. [Source: Reviews in Aquaculture] The industry's carbon claims rely on incomplete accounting that excludes fish waste emissions.

Key Facts

  • Wild salmon near fish farms are 73 times more likely to suffer lethal sea lice infections [Source: NRDC]
  • Fish farm parasites can affect wild salmon up to 40 miles from the cages [Source: NRDC]
  • The Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon population is listed as endangered under federal law [Source: Halifax Examiner]
  • Kelly Cove Salmon has been operating beyond its lease boundaries at Rattling Beach since at least 2015 [Source: Ecojustice]
  • Federal government is phasing out open-net fin fish farming on Canada's west coast by 2029 due to environmental concerns [Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada]

Latest News & Updates

May 2026

Annapolis Basin Protectors Association Hosts Community Event on Proposed Port Wade Expansion

The Annapolis Basin Protectors Association hosted a community action event at Kings Theatre in Annapolis Royal on May 14 to address Kelly Cove Salmon's proposed expansion at Port Wade - adding four cages for a total of 20, expanding from 8.21 to 31.4 hectares, and increasing production from 550,000 to 660,000 fish. Residents raised concerns about noise, odors, light pollution, water contamination, and impacts on wild salmon and traditional fisheries.

Cooke Aquaculture vice president Joel Richardson stated the company has "operated the fish farm at Victoria Beach near Port Wade for 24 years in compliance with the government's Environmental Monitoring Program." However, the company applied for a boundary amendment for the Victoria Beach site (AQ#1040) in October 2016. The company's Rattling Beach site operated outside its legal lease boundaries before similarly applying for a boundary amendment in 2024.

The company reported a containment breach in July 2024 and acknowledged elevated sea lice levels in December 2021 at both Rattling Beach and Victoria Beach farms in Annapolis Basin.

Richardson characterized opposition as coming from "special interest groups." The Annapolis Basin Protectors Association is composed of Port Wade residents and adjacent property owners - legally recognized stakeholders under Nova Scotia's aquaculture regulations who were directly notified of the expansion application due to their proximity to the site.

Richardson stated the company is "very willing to work with area residents to minimize sound and light." Port Wade residents report concerns about noise, odors, and light pollution have been ongoing since 2018. Read more at SaltWire

August 2025

Kelly Cove Salmon Seeks Emergency U.S. Vessel for Sea Lice Outbreak

Kelly Cove Salmon applied for emergency approval to bring a U.S. delousing vessel into Canadian waters, citing "prolonged above normal summer temperatures" that created increased sea lice presence across their operations. The company's application stated they had deployed the majority of their delousing vessels to Newfoundland, "leaving salmon farm sites in New Brunswick without adequate treatment services." The document acknowledged that "Kelly Cove's current vessel assets are inadequate to cover the breadth of affected pens in an adequate time to stop simultaneous infestations." The application warned of "significant mortality loss of livestock, significant economic loss to the company and impacting hundreds of processing plant and supply chain jobs" without emergency U.S. assistance. View Application

July 2025

Mass Salmon Die-Offs at Cooke Newfoundland Sites Kill Over 60,000 Fish

Cooke Aquaculture reported two mortality events at Newfoundland sites that killed over 60,000 salmon. At the Olive Cove site in Hermitage Bay, approximately 47,000 fish died over multiple days beginning July 19 due to warm water and sea lice. Days earlier, a mechanical failure during smolt transfer at the Grip Cove site killed 17,000-18,000 juvenile fish. Joel Richardson stated "it's unfortunate that you have crop loss and you lose fish. But, you know, that is the nature of farming and growing food" and claimed mortality events are "not cause for great environmental concern." The incidents occurred during the same period when Cooke sought emergency U.S. delousing vessels, citing inadequate treatment capacity for simultaneous sea lice outbreaks. Read more at CBC

September 2025

Healthy Bays Network Critiques Provincial Aquaculture Mapping System

Healthy Bays Network released a report critiquing the province's Coastal Classification System for failing to consider commercial fishery impacts, wild salmon habitat, tourism, and community opposition to open-pen fish farming. The system shows areas suitable for aquaculture but critics note it doesn't analyze social licence or community support. Cooke Inc. defended their operations, claiming farms meet environmental conditions - though the company has faced multiple investigations including a 2024 containment breach at Rattling Beach and ongoing cruelty allegations at their Maine hatchery. Read more at SaltWire

August 2024

Chile Orders Partial Closure of Cooke Operations, Levies $1.42 Million in Fines

Chile's environmental supervisory authority (SMA) ordered the partial closure of two Cooke Aquaculture salmon-farming centers and fined the company $1.42 million for environmental violations. The 266-page ruling cited nine charges including exceeding maximum production, placing structures outside designated concession areas, and lacking contingency plans for oil spills or wildlife interaction. Cooke Chile CEO called the sanctions "abhorrent" and "nonsense," claiming the company operates with "the highest production standards." The SMA rejected these arguments, stating production increases must be environmentally evaluated due to impacts on biodiversity, water quality, and fish escape risks. The dispute dates to 2021 when the SMA accused Cooke of producing salmon beyond permit levels and maintaining concessions illicitly inside Laguna San Rafael National Park. Read more at Seafood Source

May 2026

Cooke Aquaculture Faces New Cruelty Allegations at Maine Hatchery

Undercover video from Animal Outlook shows alleged animal abuse and environmental violations at Cooke Aquaculture's salmon hatchery in Bingham, Maine. The facility supplies fish for operations including those in Nova Scotia. Staff were allegedly filmed clubbing fish, kicking them, and cutting into living fish, with employees reporting contaminated feed, accidental fish escapes, and mass culling of excess fish. Maine's Department of Agriculture has opened an investigation. This is the second such investigation at the facility in seven years. Read more at The Guardian

July 2024

Containment Breach at Rattling Beach Site

On July 8, 2024, Kelly Cove Salmon reported a containment breach at AQ#1039 (Rattling Beach) in Annapolis Basin during smolt offloading operations. The Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture required a third-party audit of the containment management plan. View Official Notice

February 2026

ARB Approves Liverpool Bay Expansion Despite Opposition

The Nova Scotia Aquaculture Review Board approved Kelly Cove Salmon's expansion at their Liverpool Bay site, adding six more cages despite significant public opposition and a seven-year battle by community groups and residents. Read more at CBC

June 2024

Ecojustice Intervenes in Rattling Beach Hearing

Environmental law organization Ecojustice represented local resident Gregory Heming as an intervenor in the Aquaculture Review Board hearing for Kelly Cove's Rattling Beach expansion application. The hearing addressed nearly two decades of illegal operations outside lease boundaries. Read more at Ecojustice

December 2021

Sea Lice Outbreak Threatens Endangered Wild Salmon

Kelly Cove Salmon acknowledged elevated sea lice levels at Rattling Beach and Victoria Beach fish farms in the Annapolis Basin. Ecology Action Centre called it potentially Nova Scotia's first sea lice outbreak after the company and government had long claimed it was not an issue. Read more at Halifax Examiner

Resources & Information

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Contact Your Representatives

Contact Government Agencies

NS Dept of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Email: aquaculture@novascotia.ca

Aquaculture Review Board
Website: arb.novascotia.ca